NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES
3 3433 08043793 6
mm
Slii
mm
IKMm
<wmm
■fc»}S;>;,,i:,v,
iCr
pi erf k«^ k c r /ftK J
LETTERS OF
HUGH EARL PERCY
HUGH EARL PKRCY.
Letters
OF
HUGH EATTL PERCY
from
BOSTON and NEW YORK
i 774- i 776
Edited by
CHARLES KNOWLES BOLTON
fwt r*fe\ f9&s% r*&=>
r\jbs\ r*&?\ r\6e> r*&?\
«^j£* /^J£r> *-*i«=\ /s^fc*
«u£=\ rt^U^ *»J£r» /a^Ur»
BOSTON
Charles E. Goodspeed
1902
Copyright, 1902, by Charles E. Goodspeed
D. B. UPDIKE, THE MERRYMOUNT PRESS, BOSTON
In Memory of
The Revd Edward Griffin Porter
PREFACE
THE letters which are printed in this volume
have been gathered from several sources.
Those from the reports of the Royal Commission
on Historical Manuscripts are indicated by footnotes.
Letters numbered i, ii, x, xii, xvi, xxiii, xxvii, xxviii,
and xxix are from the manuscripts owned by the
Boston Public Library and are reprinted by permis-
sion of the Trustees from the Bulletin for January,
1892. The letters not referred to above were copied
by the Rev. Edward Griffin Porter during a visit of
a few days in 1 878 to the late Duke of Northumber-
land at Alnwick Castle. To Miss Gertrude Montague
Graves I am indebted for bringing these letters to
my notice, and for the following account of Mr.
Porter's stay at Alnwick, as described by him be-
fore the Abigail Adams Chapter (Boston) of the
Daughters of the American Revolution :
"While preparing a history of Lexington, Mas-
sachusetts, for the Centennial Celebration of the
battle of Lexington, the late Edward G. Porter, pas-
[ 7 1
PREFACE
tor of the Hancock Church in that town, entered
into correspondence with the Duke of Northumber-
land. Through this correspondence, a mutual regard
grew up between Mr. Porter and the Duke, which
resulted in a visit by the former to Alnwick Castle.
" While a guest there, a certain alcove and shelf
were pointed out to him; after glancing over
numerous books, he espied, in an obscure corner,
what proved to be a tin box covered thickly with
dust, and tied with a frayed blue ribbon. In answer
to inquiry, the Duke's Librarian told him that the
box contained letters, but he never remembered to
have seen it opened. It was dusted and opened
forthwith, disclosing a budget of faded and yellow
letters, the veritable ones that Earl Percy had
written to his father, beginning at the moment of
his landing in Boston, and ending at the time of
his return to England. Mr. Porter had the satisfac-
tion, with the permission of his host, of spending
that day and the two succeeding ones in copying
these letters."
Mr. Porter wrote a letter to the Lexington
Minute-Man, dated at Alnwick September 27,
[ 8 ]
PREFACE
1878, and printed October 14th, in which he said :
"Percy's letters, and many other family documents,
have been generously placed at my disposal by His
Grace the Duke of Northumberland. I have made
numerous extracts, touching upon events of 1775,
which I may give to friends at home, in some form,
after my return." His sudden death in February,
1900, occurred before they had been given to the
public in any printed form, and before he had ex-
pressed any wish concerning their publication. His
sister, Miss Ellen Carruth, very kindly allowed me
to make this use of her brother's copies after I had
submitted them to the present Duke, at whose re-
quest certain references to family matters have been
omitted. To Mr. Lindsay Swift and to other friends
I am indebted for helpful suggestions.
Pound Hill, Shirley, April, 1902.
[ 9 ]
CONTENTS
Introduction
Letters of Earl Percy.
*5
I. To the Rev. Thomas Percy, April 17, 1774 25
Before sailing for America.
II. To the Rev. Thomas Percy, May 8, 1774 26
From on board the c Symetry.'
III. To the Duke of Northumberland, July 5, 1774 26
Arrival in Boston.
IV. To the Duke of Northumberland, July 27, 1774 27
The inhabitants ; the climate.
V. To Henry Reveley, Esq., August 8, 1774 30
The climate and the people.
VI. To the Duke of Northumberland, August 15, 1774 31
Trees ; produtls of the soil; local events.
VII. To General Harvey (?), August 21, 1774 35
Effetl of the Regulation Ails.
VIII. To the Duke of Northumberland, September 12, 1774 37
"Things are now drawing to a crisis."
IX. To , October 10, 1774 39
Trouble in Lord Percy's regiment.
X. To the Rev. Thomas Percy, October 27, 1774 40
XI. To General Harvey (?), November 1, 1774 41
Military preparations on both sides.
XII. To the Rev. Thomas Percy, November 25, 1774 43
State of affairs ; request for books.
[ " J
CONTENTS
XIII. To Henry Reveley, Esq., December 6, 1774 45
" Reinforcement gives great spirits."
XIV. To Grey Cooper, Esq., after December 13, 1774 46
Seizure of powder at Newcastle.
XV. To General Harvey, February 9, 1775 47
XVI. To the Rev. Thomas Percy, April 8, 1775 48
Conditions in Boston.
XVII. To Governor Gage, April 20, 1775 49
Official account of the retreat from Lexington.
XVIII. To General Harvey, April 20, 1775 52
Part of an unofficial account of the retreat, with other
papers.
XIX. To the Duke of Northumberland, April 20, 1775 54
The retreat from Lexington.
XX. To Henry Reveley, Esq., May, 1775 55
The enemy burn houses and a schooner.
XXI. To the Duke of Northumberland, June 19, 1775 56
Battle of Bunker Hill.
XXII. To General Harvey (?), July 28, 1775 58
Comments on the campaign.
XXIII. To the Rev. Thomas Percy, August 12, 1775 59
XXIV. To the Duke of Northumberland, August 18, 1775 61
" Their aim is independence."
XXV. To Henry Reveley, Esq., October 29, 1775 61
Preparations for winter.
XXVI. To General Haldimand, December 14, 1775 62
"The rebels have been too fortunate ."
[ 12 ]
CONTENTS
XXVII. To the Rev. Thomas Percy, January 7, 1776 64
Affairs at Headquarters.
XXVIII. To the Rev. Thomas Percy, June 1, 1776 66
'■''Flight of the rebels from before Quebeck."
XXIX. To the Duke of Northumberland, September 1, 1776 67
Battle of Long Island.
XXX. To Lord George Germain, September 2, 1776 70
Battle of Long Island.
XXXI. To a Gentleman in London, September 4, 1776 71
Battle of Long Island.
XXXII. To Lord George Germain, October 30, 1776 72
Manoeuvres at New York.
XXXIII. To Henry Reveley, Esq., November 3, 1776 75
Manoeuvres at New York.
Note in Conclusion 79
Index 85
[ i3 ]
INTRODUCTION
HUGH PERCY, known during the years of his service
in America as Earl Percy, was born August 14, 1742,
in the parish of Saint George's, Hanover Square, London,
the son of Sir Hugh and Lady Elizabeth Smithson. His par-
ents were later the first Duke and Duchess of Northumber-
land of this line. The heiress of the ancient House of Percy
had married in 1685 Charles Seymour, sixth duke of Somer-
set. Their son Algernon Seymour, the seventh duke of Som-
erset, and by special creation in honor of his maternal descent,
Earl of Northumberland, had a daughter Lady Elizabeth Sey-
mour, who on the death of her brother, without issue, became
heiress of the Percy barony and of great family estates.
Lady Betty gave her heart to a young Yorkshire baronet,
Sir Hugh Smithson, before her parents had consented to their
engagement. " I must honestly confess to you," she wrote to
her mother, "that had it met with my Pappa's approbation
and yours, I should very willingly have consented to it. Nay,
I shall not scruple to own that I have a partiality for him."
Her health began to fail under the delays that followed. At
last consent came, and 'Sir Hugh and Betty' were married
in July, 1740. Sir Hugh brought to the alliance an ambition,
fed by his wife's pride in her Percy blood, to revive the de-
caying greatness of the Percies in the north. In 1750, upon
[ i5 ]
INTRODUCTION
succeeding his father-in-law as Earl of Northumberland, he
took the name of Percy. In 1766 he was created Earl Percy
(the title used by his eldest son) and Duke of Northumber-
land. The Duke and Duchess rebuilt castles, fostered agricul-
ture, bettered the condition of the farmers, and for twenty
years planted over a thousand trees annually.
This was the work accomplished by the parents of Lord
Percy, and much that was attractive in his character, saving
his name from the abuse heaped upon other British officers
in America, is to be traced to his father and his mother. The
Duke had voted against the Stamp Act, and in other ways he
continued to show disapproval of his party's colonial policy.
The son was in sympathy with his father's views.
Although opposed to the American war, Lord Percy em-
barked for Boston in the spring of 1774, and was for a time
in command of the forces there. His conduct in America was
closely watched by his political opponents. A letter written
at this time was printed in the London Chronicle in October,
1774, when he was put forward as a candidate for re-election
to Parliament from Westminster. A few words may not be
out of place in regard to the spirited contest which excited
the City for days. The Chronicle for September 29-October 1
contained an announcement to the Freeholders of the City
and Liberty of Westminster that two gentlemen of fortune
and honor were resolved to offer themselves as candidates, and
earnestly requested the citizens to make no promises of votes
[ 16 ]
INTRODUCTION
and influence. On Tuesday, the 4th of October, a meeting
of inhabitants and electors was held in Westminster Hall, a
chairman was selected, candidates were proposed, and by a
show of hands, Lords Mountmorres and Mahon were de-
clared elected. The former in an "elegant speech" thanked
his friends, saying that he felt himself to be in a situation
"similar to that of Pompey soliciting the suffrages of the
Roman Citizens ; so, like that generous Roman, he would,
if necessary, expire in defence of the liberties of his con-
stituents and country." Lord Mahon declared that he feared
"no Court, no minister." They were then proposed as joint
candidates against any others, and joined hands.
At the same time the "worthy electors" were requested,
in a card dated October 7th, to favor Lord Percy and Lord
Thomas Pelham Clinton, and the canvass began. A notice in
the Chronicle for October nth, signed "The Majority of
the City of Westminster's Sober Inhabitants," called upon
the candidates (those needy Strangers in particular, with
whose worthless characters and persons most of the sober
inhabitants are unacquainted) to desist from hiring mobs or
bribing worthless people to behave rudely, and promising
their votes to the two most peaceably disposed candidates.
The contest now became bitter, and Lord Percy was
accused of joining the ministerial band of cut-throats in
America.1 His friends then published the following address,
1 B. Franklin to Galloway, OSiober 12, 1774; Works, edited by Bigelo-zu, -vol. <v.} page 371.
[ 17 J
INTRODUCTION
and, as will be seen, they incorporated part of a letter from
Lord Percy, dated August ioth:
" To the Worthy Independent Electors of
WESTMINSTER
Many scandalous reflections have been thrown out against LORD PERCY
for doing his duty as an officer, in accompanying his regiment to North America.
But surely this spirited conduct deserves applause rather than censure ; for it
would have ill become the distinguished name he bears, to have declined any
service where his honour was concerned. It is well known his Lordship dis-
approved those very measures which rendered the present service necessary :
besides, he had no reason to suppose he was to have gone to Boston, his first
destination being to Florida. And the humanity of his disposition cannot be
doubted, after the remarkable proof he gave of it when his regiment lately went
abroad, in hiring transports at his own charge to carry over the Soldiers' wives,
fitting out them and their children with every thing necessary for the voyage,
at the expence of JOOjC. With regard to his treatment of the Americans them-
selves, the prudence and moderation of his Lordship's conduit appears in a letter
lately received by a Gentleman in this town, who is ready to shew the original,
which is dated August 10th, and contains the following remarkable passage.
'I am well with the people of Boston, even with the Select Men. When the
people come with complaints, I hear them with patience ; and if they are just
ones, I take care they shall be immediately redressed, assuring them that we
are come to protect the peaceable inhabitants, not to injure them ; and that as
we are determined to enforce obedience to the laws in other people, we shall
be ever ready and desirous to be the first to obey them ourselves.'
As to his Lordship's parliamentary conduct, it has been always constitutional,
free, and independent."1
Notices now appeared frequently, calling upon the elec-
1 The London Chronicle for 1774: Oclober 11-13, page 356.
[ 18 ]
INTRODUCTION
tors to support Percy and Clinton, and naming the polling
places in each parish. The result of the poll was chronicled
from day to day. On October 1 2th the vote stood : Percy,
658; Clinton, 612; Mountmorres, 270; Mahon, 222; Cotes,
84. Lords Mahon and Mountmorres spoke on the hustings
to encourage their followers, and professed a belief that the
advantage of the opposition was "like a fire of straw" that
would soon burn out. Voters were obliged to swear that
they had not cast a ballot before and had not been bribed.
They were exhorted to keep the peace and avoid intimi-
dation. Rioting and disorder continued, and Clinton called
upon his friends to prevent violence, the vote for Clinton
and Percy meanwhile steadily gaining upon that of their
opponents. Clinton in later notices expressed regrets that he
and his colleague had not been able to call personally on
every voter, urged his friends to vote jointly for Percy and
himself, and not to delay action. On the 1 8th the City was
said to be laboring under great agitation, as a result of the
length of the poll.' By the 20th Clinton's notices filled a
column of the paper, and he urged the electors to exert
their "kind and generous zeal" to make their "extraordi-
nary success" so much the more brilliant. Two days later
1 Horace JValpole wrote to Sir Horace Mann, Oclober 22, 1774 : Wilkes "has met with a heroine
to stem the tide of his conquests; who, though not of Arc, nor a pucelle, is a true Joan in spirit,
style, and manners, this is her Grace of Northumberland, who has carried the mob of West-
minster from him; sitting daily in the midst of Convent-Garden; and will eleSl her son {Earl
Percy'] and Lord Thomas Clinton, against Wilkes's two candidates, Lord Mahon and Lord
Mountmorres."" {Letters, edited by Cunningham, 1866, vol. w., page 136.)
[ 19 ]
INTRODUCTION
Lord Mahon declared from the hustings in Covent Garden
that they were willing to set a day for closing the poll, but
that their opponents (whose vote was double their own)
kept the town "in warm-water." His colleague, who had
once compared himself with Pompey the Great, was now, it
would appear, called " Pompey the less" in an epigram on the
three Pompeys. Lord North's interest in the election is shown
by a note from him to Lord Carlisle, dated at Bushy Park,
October 23, 1774. It reads : "Having heard that Mr. Delme
is returned to Town, I should be much obliged to your Lord-
ship if you would be so good as to desire him to go over to
Covent Garden at any time before Wednesday, and vote for
Lord Percy and Lord Thomas Clinton. As the polling is now
very slack, he will not be detained five minutes at the hust-
ings." ' The determination of the Government to make the
victory as effective as possible is well shown by the willing-
ness of the Prime Minister to take this trouble to gain a single
vote when his candidates were already far ahead of their ad-
versaries, and the polls were near to closing.
When the poll finally closed, at noon on the 26th of
October, the vote stood :
For Earl Percy 4994
Lord Pelham Clinton ....... 4744
Lord Mountmorres . . . . . . • • 2531
Lord Mahon 2342
Humphry Cotes I3°
1 Historical Manuscripts Commission, i ^th report, part <vi., page 280 (MSS. at Castle Howard).
[ 20 ]
INTRODUCTION
The family and friends of Lord Percy prepared an address
of gratitude to the electors for the handsome support which
he had received.
Lord Percy served with distinction at the retreat from
Lexington, and in the campaign about New York, leading
his men with spirit at the attack upon Fort Washington in
November, 1776 ; but his inability to agree with Howe led
him in 1777 to obtain a recall. He had been made a Major-
General in America July 1 1, 1775 (the commission was signed
"at our Court at St. James, 22d June"), and received the
same rank in the army September 29th ; he became a Lieu-
tenant-General in America March 26, 1776 (his commission
was dated at the war office March 23d), and Lieutenant-
General in the army August 29, 1777.
Earl Percy inherited his father's dukedom in 1786, and
received many offices and honors before his death on July 10,
1 8 17. His first alliance with the daughter of Lord Bute
ended in unhappiness in 1779.' The same year he married
Frances Julia Burrell, sister of his younger brother's wife,
and by her he left two sons, who succeeded him as third and
fourth dukes of Northumberland.
With his men Percy was popular. His mother wrote in
1770: "I admire you for marching with your regiment; I
dare say you are the only man of your rank who ever per-
formed such a journey on foot." He expefted obedience and
1 JValpole to Sir Horace Mann, May 9, 1778 ; also letter of July 9, 1779.
[ 21 ]
INTRODUCTION
faithfulness from his men, and in return showed a deep in-
terest in their welfare, furnishing clothing and food on occa-
sions, and caring for the widows of those who fell. He was
simple and retiring by nature, although not forgetful of the
ceremonies required by one in his rank and social station.
To his close friends and their children he showed a warm
heart.
Almost all Englishmen in 1775 failed to understand the
temper of the American people. This is true of Lord Percy
during the period covered by the early letters ; he soon
came to take a calmer view, and it is unfortunate that his
later letters are not more numerous. Members of the family
who came after him have ever shown a friendly good-will
toward America.
[ 22 ]
LETTERS
I
To the Rev. Thomas Percy
Kinsale, Apl. ijth. 1774.
Dear D\
THANKS to you for your Letter which I received on my
Arrival here. Tho' I wrote by the last Post to my Father,
& have nothing to say yet I could not help setting down just
to inform you that We are still here, nor have we as yet got
any Intelligence of the Transports. However as the Wind is
fair, We have reason to expect Them every Moment. Our
Orders, with regard to our Encamping at Boston, you know
in London full as well if not better than we do, as I find we
are to have eight Regts. there, I fancy severity is intended.
Surely the People of Boston are not Mad enough to think of
opposing us. Headiness & Temper will I hope set things in
that Quarter to rights, & Gen1. Gage is the proper Man to do
it. Adieu my Dear Dr. & be assured I am
Tour sincere Friend
<f0 Percy.
The Revd. Dr. Percy,1
Northumberland House
London.
Free
Percy
1 Re'v . Thomas Percy, to --whom many of the letters here printed ivere addressed, -was the son of
a grocer at Bridgnorth, in Shropshire, and claimed connexion nxiith the House of Percy. His Re-
liques of Ancient English Poetry had already appeared, and his reputation as a scholar brought him
friends among persons of influence. Dr. Percy's loyalty to Northumberland and the Pereses >nade
[ 25 ]
PERCY LETTERS
II
To the Rev. Thomas Percy
On Board the Symetry, May 8'\ 1774.
Dear D\
WE are at last on board, & shall sail directly. I should
think myself much obliged to you if you would send
me over the English Votes constantly to Boston. My News-
papers the Porter will forward as usual. I am so cold — I can
scarce hold my Pen, & if I could it & the Ink are so bad I
can hardly make the Letter legible. Adieu my Dear Dr. &
believe me
Tours sincerely
Percy.
P. S. Messrs. Baker, Palmer, Gair &c who are on board
with me beg I will present their Compts. —
III
To the Duke of Northumberland
Boston, 'July 5, 1774.
My dearest Father :
AS I am certain you will be anxious to hear from me, I take
l\. the earliest opportunity after my arrival, of acquainting
him sensitive to criticism of either ; and readers of Bosivell 'will recall an amusing account of a
quarrel between Dr. Percy and Johnson at a dinner, April 12, 1778. The last years of his life
<wcre spent in Ireland as bishop of Dromore.
[ 26 ]
PERCY LETTERS
you that I am here & in good health." You will perceive by
the date of this (for we only came about an hour ago) that
we have had a very bad passage. I have the misfortune, for I
must think it so, of commanding the camp here. The people,
by all accounts, are extremely violent & wrong headed, so
much so that I fear we shall be obliged to come to extremi-
ties. ... I am in a complete scene of confusion, as we are to
land & encamp directly. Adieu, my dearest Father, & be
assured, I ever remain
Your dutiful son,
Percy.
I beg my best duty to my mother, to whom I shall write
in a day or two.
IV
To the Duke of Northumberland
Camp at Boston, "July 27, ^77\-
My dearest Father:
AS I find a ship is likely to sail to-morrow for England, I
ii cannot help taking this opportunity for letting you hear
from me. I am, I thank God, in perfect health, tho' I was
threatened with the gout for the first fortnight after my arri-
1 Camp at Boston, July $th, 1774.
I DO certify that His Majesty's Fifth Regiment of Foot embarked on board the Symmetry,
Father's Good Will, Alicia, and Henry, transports, on the 7th of May last, at the Cove of
Cork, complete according to the establishment, excepting Lieut. Francia, Lord Rawdon, and
Ensign Henry King, ordered to join, but not then joined . . . and disembarked this evening at
Boston in N. America, complete, wanting the above officers, and Lieut, and Quarter Master
Robert Palmer, who died in the passage on the 9th of June, 1774..
[ 27 ]
PERCY LETTERS
val. As Gen1. Gage received orders to remain at Salem, I
have been left commanding officer of the camp, ever since
my first coming here (except for about a week). The General
has done Col. Pigott & me the honor of appointing us to
acl: as Brigadiers, a compliment always paid to Col\ in the
field. However, we are both obliged to lay in camp. As my
mother has lately chose to collecl views, I have the pleasure
of enclosing for her two cards, which when put together as
marked on the back, exhibit a most perfect view of the town
of Boston, — together with a third, which is a view of our
camp.1 I hope they will be agreable to her, as they are very
exacl:. The people here talk much & do little; but nothing,
I am sure, will ever reestablish peace & quiet in this coun-
try, except steadiness & perseverance on the part of Adminis-
tration. A change of Administration or measures would be, at
this instant, the most fatal thing in the world to this province,
& All America in general, for it would be adding fresh fuel
to that flame which the frequent changes in both were the
origin of. Gen1. Gage has done his duty with great coolness
& firmness, & if Administration does not support him, they
never again deserve to be well served. The people in this part
of the country are in general made up of rashness & timidity.
Quick & violent in their determinations, they are fearful in
the execution of them (unless, indeed, they are quite certain of
meeting little or no opposition, & then, like all other cowards,
they are cruel and tyrannical). To hear them talk, you would
imagine that they would attack us & demolish us every night;
1 Several views of Boston, sho-xving the camp, still exist, although few if any were executed as
early as July. Possibly Percy refers to a drawing. Mrs. Ruthy Andrews was then living in the
town, and her pen-and-ink landscapes excited his admiration. {Massachusetts Historical Society
Proceedings, July, 1865, page 403.)
I 20 I
PERCY LETTERS
& yet, whenever we appear, they are frightened out of their
wits. They begin to feel a little the effecls of the Port Bill,1
& were they not supported by the other Colonies, must before
this have submitted. One thing I will be bold to say, which
is, that till you make their Committees of Correspondence and
Congress65 with the other Colonies high treason, & try them
for it in England, you never must ex^ecl: perfect obedience
& submission from this to the Mother Country. I am sorry
to say that no body of men in this Province are so extremely
injurious to the peace & tranquility of it as the clergy. They
preach up sedition openly from their pulpits. (Nay, some of
them have gone so far as absolutely to refuse the sacrament
to the communicants till they have signed a paper of the most
seditious kind, which they have denominated the Solemn
League and Covenant). So much with respecl: to the inhabit-
ants. As for a description of the country and its productions, I
must defer that till another letter. With regard to the climate,
it is ten times more inconstant than in England, for I have
been in the Torrid & Frigid Zone frequently in the space of
24 hours. At some times, so hot as scarce to bear my shirt,
at others so cold that an additional blanket was scarcely suffi-
cient. I am afraid that you will hardly be able to read this
letter, but the ship sails early tomorrow, & I did not know
anything of it till eleven this night; & you are sensible that my
1 The Boston Port Bill became a lavu March 31, 1774, and its provisions went into effecl on the
first of June. It made Salem the seat of government, Marble head the port of entry, and closed Bos-
ton's trade by sea during the King's pleasure.
Grey Cooper, one of Percy" s correspondents, said: " This Bill, Sir, I look upon to be the ad of a
father chastising his son on one line, and restoring the trade and peace of America on the other,
and therefore I highly approve of the measure." (Force's American Archives, $th series, vol. i.,
column 52.)
[ 29 ]
PERCY LETTERS
eyes do not allow me in general to ink by candle light. . . .
Opportunities of writing to England are very few & uncer-
tain. I beg you will present the enclosed card with my duty
to my mother, as also my love to my brother, if he is with
you; & be assured that I am, & ever shall remain, your most
dutiful & most affectionate son
Percy.
V
To Henry Reveley,1 Esq., Peckham, Surrey.
Camp at Boston, Aug. 8, 1774.
. . . This is the most beautiful country I ever saw in my
life, & if the people were only like it, we shd do very
well. Everything, however, is as yet quiet, but they threaten
much. Not that I believe they dare acl. As Gen. Gage is
obliged by orders to reside at Salem, I have the honour of
1 In Hodgson s Northumberland, part z, vol. ii. (18 32), page 7 o, and in Burke' s Commoners {edition
of 1836), vol. Hi., pages 1 32, 1 33, tvill be found accounts of the Reveley family.
William Reveley of Neivton Underwood, = Margery, daughter of Robert Willey
Northumberland, later of Nevoby Wiske,
born in 1662.
of Ne-ivby Wiske, county York.
Willey Reveley = Rachel George Reveley = Elizabeth Philadelphia = Langdale Smithson,
Neale. \ Tucker. Reveley, born
in 1688.
son of Sir Hugh
Smithson, Bart.
Henry Reveley, Henry Reveley = Jane Sir Hugh Smith- == Lady Elizabeth
born 1718, died born 1737, died 1798.
1800, unmarried. Connoisseur in music
and art.
Champion son, 1 st Duke of ' Seymour, heiress
de Cres- Northumberland,
pigny.
of the Percies.
Huph, etc. Hugh, Earl Percy, born 1742.
[ 30 ]
PERCY LETTERS
commanding the Troops encamped here, wh consist of the
4th, 5th, 23d, 38th, & 43d Reg,s, besides 3 cos of artillery, who
have with them 4, 12-pounders 12, 6-pounders & 4 howit-
zers. And the Gen1 has appointed Col. Pigott & myself to
act as Brigadier Gen15.1 . . . We have days here full as hot
as Spain. . . . But our climate is horribly inconstant, for we
have it sometimes very cold. But I think ever since we
landed, it has in general been full as hot as the South of
France.
The people here are a set of sly, artful, hypocritical ras-
calls, cruel, & cowards. I must own I cannot but despise
them compleately. . . . God knows when I shall return, for
I do not see the least prospect of any alteration in matters
here as yet, & whilst things continue in their present situa-
tion, I cannot stir. . . .
Tr off. cousin & sincere friend
Percy.
VI
To the Duke of Northumberland
Camp at Boston^ Aug. 15, 1774.
My dearest Father :
AS I find the Scarborough has not yet sailed . . . tho' I
1\. have written to my mother by the same ship . . . our
opportunities of conveying letters to Europe from this place
are so few & so precious, that whenever there is a good &
1 Lord Percy discusses at some length his rank in the armv.
[ 31 ]
PERCY LETTERS
safe one, I shall never let you fail to hear from me. The
affairs of this country remain in precisely the same situation
as when I did myself the pleasure of writing to you on the
27th of last month. ... & as in that letter I attempted to
give you some account of the inhabitants, I shall now en-
deavor to do the same with regard to the country.
And, I assure you, it requires a far abler pen than mine
to describe its different beauties. It is, as far at least as I
have been round this town, most delightfully varied. The
hills, rising from the valleys by gradual & gentle ascents,
interspersed everywhere with trees, give it a most agreable
appearance. Nor do the small lakes of water with which the
country abounds, contribute little towards the richness of
the scene. In short, it has everywhere the appearance of a
Park finely laid out. Mr. Browne here wd be useless. Nature
has, in this part of the world, taken upon herself his employ-
ment, & dressed the ground in a manner that no art can
ever equal. The trees in this country consist chiefly of the
black & white oak, the elm, a species of the sycamore (wh
they call the button tree), & the locust tree. This last is of
the acacia kind, but remarkably hardy, & as it grows among
the crevices of the rocks, & is not so brittle as the acacia
itself, I shd think it wd do very well in some parts of Hulne
Park1: especially as neither winds, frost, nor snow affect it.
What has struck me here very much is that the elder, wh
in Engd grows to be a tree, never can in this country be
made to exceed the size of a common shrub, much about
the size of our English quick hedges. The boughs of all the
1 The park at Alnwick contains within its present bounds the domains of two ancient religious
houses: Alnwick Abbey ; founded in 1147, and Hulne Priory, dating from 124.0.
[ 32 ]
PERCY LETTERS
trees here hang very much in the manner of our weeping
willow, wh gives them a very picturesque appearance. This
I can account for no way, unless it is owing to the quantity
of snow that lays on them all winter, & wh, by giving them
that bend when they are young, may occasion them to retain
that drooping form ever afterwards: and this I am the more
apt to believe, as I am informed that the same trees more to
the Southward have it not.
But, however beautiful the outward appearance of this
country may be, it is amply made up for by the poverty of
the soil, wh I rather believe is owing to the ground's being
exhausted by constant crops, without manure, than to any
natural defecl: in the soil itself. Let what will be the reason,
this Province now only produces miserable crops of Rye, worse
of Oats, & a great quantity of Indian corn ; which last article
is of the greatest service to the country, as it is the food of
the people, their cattle of all kinds, & their fowls. The oxen
are remarkably large & fine, & these they make use of for
every kind of draught. I cannot, however, say much for their
horses, wh in general, are a good deal like the German ones.
There are, nevertheless, some that are of a better sort, but
then they ask an immoderate price for them. I believe I
have bought one of the handsomest in this country; & you
will be surprised to hear that I was forced to give 450^ for
him; but not so much so, when I inform you that the above
sum does not amount to more than 45^ sterling. However,
this is dear enough for a horse that is barely 3 yrs old.
I have also got some tolerable chaise-horses from N. Y.,
for there were none good eno' in this country. But what I
feel myself the most comfortable in acquiring, is a good
[ 33 J
PERCY LETTERS
house1 to dine in (for we are all obliged to remain at other
times & sleep in camp). By this convenience I am enabled to
ask the officers of the Line, & occasionally the Gentlemen of
the country, to dine with me;2 & as I have the command of
the Troops here, I have always a table of 1 2 covers every day.
This, tho' very expensive, is however very necessary. It is sur-
prising to think how much dearer everything is here than in
Europe, nay, even than in London. And they now begin to
ask double what they did on our first arrival, owing to the
great quantities that are consumed by such a no. of Troops.
I have now quite a little army under my command, 5
Regts & 22 pieces of cannon, with a proper no. of the Royal
Corps of Artillery to work them.
I shd imagine, however, from some informations wh I have
recd that it will be necessary to detach a Brigade up farther
into the country; for I understand the people are beginning
to be a little troublesome there. As I cannot say this is a busi-
ness I very much admire, I hope it will not be my fate to be
ordered up with them. I wait, however, for the Governor's
determination on this subject. ... Be that as it may, I am re-
solved cheerfully to do my duty as long as ever I continue in
the service.3 . . .
1 This was no doubt an old-fashioned --wooden house, formerly occupied by Sir Francis Bernard.
It stood in a pleasant garden at the northerly corner of Winter and Tremont {then Common)
streets. John Andrews in a letter dated August 31, 1774, said: " His Excellency . . . proceeded to
Earl Piercys, who occupies a house at the head of Winter Street."" {Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety Proceedings, July, 186 5, page 350.)
2 " George and I come in sometimes for a good dinner among the great people, and are particularly
indebted to Lord Percy and General Clinton:" {Memoir and Letters of W. G. Evelyn, edited by
Scull, page 66.)
3 Percys attitude toward the Administration in England probably deferred the advancement to
•which his military services and social position seemed to entitle him.
[ 34 1
PERCY LETTERS
VII
To General Harvey (?)
Camp at Boston, Aug. 21 , 1 774.
. . Our affairs here seem to be still in the same state. It is
true, we have at last got the New Aft,1 & twenty-six of the
new Council have accepted & are sworn in; but for my own
part, I doubt whether they will be more active than the old
ones. Such a set of timid creatures I never did see. Those of
the new Council that live at any distance from town have
remained here ever since they took the oaths, & are, I am
told, afraid to go home again.
As for the opposite party, they are arming & exercising
all over the country. Yet I am still convinced that nothing
but either drunkenness or madness can force (?) them to
molest us. If, however, they once begin, I fear there will be
some bloodshed.
Their method of eluding that part of the Act wh relates
to the town meetings is strongly characteristic of the people.
They say that since the town meetings are forbid by the
Act, they shall not hold them, but as they do not see any
mention made of county meetings, they shall hold them for
the future. They, therefore, go a mile out of Town, do just
the same business there they formerly did in Boston, call it a
county meeting, & so elude the Act.
1 The Regulation Ails, passed in April, were received by Governor Gage in August, and when
put in force, swept away the rights of Massachusetts under the charter. Councillors, judges, and
sheriffs ceased to derive authority from the people; town meetings were deprived of their influ-
ence ; and power to quarter troops on the towns permitted the governor to penetrate every house
with his soldiers. 35 ]
PERCY LETTERS
In short, I am certain that it will require a great length
of time, much steadiness, and many troops, to reestablish
good order & government. ... I plainly foresee that there
is not a new councillor or magistrate who will dare to a6t
without at least a reg1 at his heels, & it is not quite clear to
me that he will even a£t then, as he ought to do.
Our force is much increased since I last wrote. ... 2
cos of the 64th are encamped at Danvers, to cover the Gov-
ernor's house where he resides. The 59th Reg' are encamped
at Salem, to cover & protect the meetings of the new Coun-
cil. The remaining cos of the 64th are at Castle William, to
wh place most of the powder & other stores belonging to
the artillery are removed from N. Y. Besides wh, I have
under my command, the 4th, 5th, 38th & 43d Reg,s, together
with 22 pieces of cannon & 3 cos of artillery encamped on the
Common, & the Welsh Fusileers encamped on the Fort Hill
at Boston. The Govr, however, talks of sending a Brigade out
of this n°. up into the country, to protect the magistrates at
a distance. I expect him here in a few days, when I fancy
this matter will be settled.
Our desertion is now greatly decreased. We have lost only
one man for upwards of a fortnight. Indeed, I send out such
frequent patrols & parties, that they must be the most fortu-
nate men on earth to escape them.
Our weather here is extremely hot. . . . Notwithstanding
this, we are remarkably healthy. Not a single man has died
in this camp since our arrival.
The Delegates from this Province ' are set out to meet the
1 Samuel Adams, John Adams, Thomas Gushing, and Robert Treat Paine represented Massachu-
setts on the opening day of Congress at '■the Carpenter s Hall,'' September 5, 1774.
[ 36 ]
PERCY LETTERS
Gen' Congress at Phila. They talk much of non-importation,
& an agreement between all the Colonies. If this shd really
be the case, I hope Gt. Britain will not allow them to trade
with anybody else. I flatter myself, however, that instead of
agreeing to anything they will all go by the ears together at
this Congress. If they don't, there will be more work cut out
for Administration in Am. than perhaps they are aware of.1
Adieu, my dear General
VIII
To the Duke of Northumberland
Camp at Boston^ Sept. 12, 1774.
My dearest Father:
... I have great reason to believe that letters sent by the Post
are opened & often stop1. . . . Things here are now drawing to a
crisis every day. The People here openly oppose the New A6ts.
They have taken up arms in almost every part of this Province,
& have drove in the Govr & most of the Council. The few that
remain in the country, they have not only obliged to resign,
but to take up arms with them. A few days ago, they mus-
tered about 7000 men at Worcester, to wh place they have
conveyed about 20 pieces of cannon.
In short, this country is now in as open a state of rebellion
as Scotland was in the year '45.
The General's great lenity and moderation serve only to
1 This paragraph, with several others, appears in Mr. Porter s " The Beginning of the Revolu-
tion," a chapter in Winsors Memorial History of Boston, vol. Hi. (1881), pages 56, 57.
[ 37 ]
PERCY LETTERS
make them more daring & insolent. It is astonishing with what
discretion & prudence he behaves himself. He has given them
every proof that his utmost wish is to restore peace & tran-
quillity without coming to violent measures. But this behavior
they term timidity, & fancy that the troops are unable to acl
against them, an error wh some time or other they will find
out to their cost. He has given orders for fortifying the town,
that His Majesty's troops & peaceful subjects may at least be
protected from the insults of a mad & outrageous rabble; &
I fancy, means to act entirely on the defensive. We have this
day begun upon the works. . . .
What makes an insurrection here always more formidable
than in other places, is that there is a law of this Province,
wh obliges every inhabitant to be furnished with a firelock,
bayonet, & pretty considerable quantity of ammunition. Be-
sides wh, every township is obliged by the same law to have
a large magazine of all kinds of military stores.
They are, moreover, trained four times in each year, so that
they do not make a despicable appearance as soldiers, tho' they
were never yet known to behave themselves even decently in
the field. . . . The Gen1 has not yet molested them in the least.
They have even free access to and from this town, tho' armed
with firelocks, provided they only come in small nos. . . . You
will be able to judge from the acc't I have given you what a
pretty state things are in here. Besides wh, as they will neither
suffer any courts to sit or magistrates to a6t, there is a total
suspension of all Law and Justice. ... I have lately not been
well. . . . My complaint was bilious, a very common distemper
in this country. . . .
[ 38 ]
PERCY LETTERS
IX
To
051. 10, 74.
AS an extraord'y public'n has appeared in a newspaper of
i\ this town,wholly subversive of all mil'y obed & discipline,
I cannot help thinking it my duty to send you the particulars
of that transaction. . . . When, to the astonishment of every-
body, the whole affair appeared in the Massatts Spy . . . one
wd really think that the spirit of the inhabs had got amongst
the officers, for there is almost every day some complaint or
other from the different commanding officers, owing to a cer-
tain unwillingness wh the young men in gen1 discover to proper
obed & discipline.1
1 The Massachusetts Spy of September 29th printed a communication, apparently written by an
officer in Lord Percy s regiment; this notice, probably referred to above, bears the heading:
Proceedings of a regimental court martial, held in his Majesty's ^ regiment of foot, by order
of the commanding officer; of which Capt. Jackson, was president, Lieut. Cox, Lieut. Croker,
Ensign Patrick, and Ensign King, members.
The court sat on the $th of September, 1774, to try William Fanthrop for being drunk -when on
piquet and for opposing the corporal -who -was ordered to take a-way his arms. He -was declared
guilty and sentenced to recei-ve t-wo hundred lashes. The commanding officer considered the sentence
inadequate and rather than have it read before the men ordered Fanthrofs release. The communi-
cation, after making these fads public, concludes : " Ho-w are military gentlemen no-wa-days to afi ?
their honour slighted, and their characters injured, by tyrannical commanders ! Can officers do their
duty -with that spirit, becoming their character, -when treated by their commanders in such an
infamous manner? Were it not for the present unsettled state of this country, and ser-ving their
King, -what officer -would ser-ve in a regiment to be thus scandalously abused? ""
[ 39 ]
PERCY LETTERS
X
To the Rev. Thomas Percy
Camp at Boston, Off . 27th. 1774.
HOW shall I thank my good Dr. Percy for the Letters He
has been so kind as to write to me, or what return can
I make Him for the Entertainment they have given me? As
I find it is impossible, I '11 give it up handsomely at once, &
think [no] more of it.
Our affairs here are in the most Critical Situation imagi-
nable ; Nothing less than the total loss or Conquest of the Colo-
nies must be the End of it. Either indeed is disagreable, but
one or the other is now absolutely necessary.
We have got together a clever little Army here 8 Regts of
Infantry besides two which are daily expected, together with
a pretty small train of Artillery. However many more will be
wanted next Spring. You may judge a little of the temper of
the People by an Address which I have enclosed to my Mother.
Our Weather here is charming; It was so warm yesterday &
is again so warm to day that I am obliged to sit with all my
Windows open. Nay even this morning when I went to visit
the Out-Posts at daybreak it was quite mild & pleasant. But
we must soon expecl to change this Weather for Frost & Snow ;
for I am told the transition from Summer to Winter is very
sudden in this Climate.
Do let me know in your next, how my Brother does, & what
He is about. I have not received one Letter from Him for up-
wards of a twelvemonth, tho' I have frequently wrote to Him.
[ 40 ]
PERCY LETTERS
Adieu My Dear Doctor make my Compts. agreable to your
Family & believe me to be
Tour sincere Friend
Percy.
To
The Revd. Dr. Percy.
XI
To General Harvey (?)
Nov. i, 1774.
My dear Gen\
THINGS here grow more & more serious every day.
The Prov1 Congress at Camb have now come to reso-
lutions wh must be attended with fatal consequences to this
country. They have voted an army of observation of 15000
men, & have appointed a com of 15, who are to have the
conduct & management of the affairs of this Province ; but
they are particularly to take care that proper magazines are
formed ... & that their army is supplied with everything
proper for carrying on a war.
They have chose Col. Ward, Col. Preble, & Col. Pomeroy,
Genls to command this army, wh is to be divided for the win-
ter into 3 corps: one at Charlestown, wh is just on the other
side of the harbor from Boston, one at Roxbury, wh is just
at the opposite end of the neck from Boston; & one at Cam-
bridge, wh is about 6 m. distant, & wh last place is to be Head-
quarters.
[ 4i ]
PERCY LETTERS
It was for a long time debated in their councils whether
they shd not form an encampment immediately, on some
high ground just above Roxbury, & within random shot of
our lines: but as the season was so far advanced, the other plan
was thot more advisable. As they only came to this resoP on
the 29th of last month, they have not as yet assembled. If they
really shd do so, I take it for granted the Gen1 will think it
necessary to deprive them of part of their quarters, at least, by
burning Charlestown & Roxbury directly.
These resol5 they have kept private, for pretty good &
substantial reasons, tho' those they have ventured to publish
are not very moderate, as you may see by the enclosed news-
paper.1
Our little army is now all collected here, together with
Gen. Haldimand & the Am. Staff. We still remain encamped,
nor, indeed, have we much prospect of getting into quarters
for near a month, as there has been the greatest difficulty in
procuring proper places to convert into barracks; but as the
weather still continues fine, the men have not as yet suffered
by it.
Gen. Gage (by some conversation I have lately had with
him on that subject) will, I fancy, be very earnest in his
solicitations for more troops, & indfeed] they will be abso-
lutely wanted if we are to move into the country next spring,
to enforce the New Acts. For, as this place is the fountain
from whence spring all their mad & treasonable resolves &
actions, it will be nec'y to leave a very large corps here, to
1 General Harvey wrote to Percy in April of the year following : " The resolves of the Prov1 Con-
gress are curious. Let Engd keep steady, & their resolves £f madness must vanish. Hoxv far
Frankly n may eleclrify, I cant tell, but a steady, cool, and conciliatory perseverance ivill even cool
the fiery Doclor."'
[ 42 ]
PERCY LETTERS
keep the town in order & protect the friends of Gov1. Besides
wh, two other corps will be wanted to cover the flanks of
the main body that attempts to march into the country.
Col. Jones, who is arrived from Quebeck with the (52d)
Reg\ has bro't an offer to the Gen1 of 5000 Canadians &
1200 Indians.
XII
To the Rev. Thomas Percy
Boston, Novr. 25'*. 1774.
Dear D\
BY some unfortunate Accident, I dont get my News-
Papers for above a Month after everybody else, for ex-
ample my latest Papers are of the 9th of Septr. & we have
received Papers as late as the 15th. of OcY. This I fancy
must be owing to their sending them to some Coffee House
to proceed by Ships, who never sail for a Month so soon as
they say they will. Whereas it will be a much more safe &
speedy method to divide them into three or four Parcells,
& send them out by the Pacquet which sails from Falmouth.
If therefore they are directed to me here & sent the first
Wednesday in every Month to the Gen1. Post Office, they
will come both quicker & safer. Our Winter is now come
on here, but I cannot say as yet I find it colder than in
England. We have had little or no Snow, but a great deal
of Rain, & violent Gales of Wind. However we luckily got
into Winter Quarters about a week ago, before it came on.
[ 43 ]
PERCY LETTERS
Our Affairs here still continue in the same Posture; The
Provincial Congress I find met again yesterday, & I am in-
formed they mean to proceed to the choice of a new Govr.
They have already raised an Army, seized the Publick
Money, & have taken on themselves all the Powers of Gov-
ernment. I really begin now to think that it will come to
Blows at last; For They are most amazingly encouraged by
our having done nothing as yet.
In short they have now got to such lengths that nothing
can secure the Colonies to the Mother Country, but the
Conquest of them. The People here are the most designing,
Artfull Villains in the World. They have not the least Idea
of either Religion or Morality. Nor have they the least
Scruple of taking the most solemn Oath on any Matter that
can assist their Purpose, tho' they know the direct contrary
can be clearly & evidently proved in half an Hour.
Of this We have had several Instances. May I beg you
will be so kind as to send me out Here the following Books.
The new Edition of Manstein's Memoirs of Russia — His-
tory of the War in America by Mante ' — & Avis d'une
Mere a un fils par la Marquise de Lambert — I need not
make any excuses to you for giving you this trouble as I
know you are always ready to assist your Friends. I still con-
tinue to enjoy my health perfectly. The constant exercise
which my Duty obliges me to take in visiting all the Out-
Posts every other morning about day break together with
the morning Air, contributes not a little to keep me in
Health. I forgot amongst the List of Books to desire you to
send me Les Memoires de Monsr. de Feuquieres. You will
1 Thomas Mantis History of the French and Indian War.
[ 44 ]
PERCY LETTERS
be so good as to send them off as soon as you get any of
them as I mean them chiefly for my Winter's Amusement.
Adieu Dear Dr. make my Compts. agreable to all your Family
& believe me to be
Tour sincere Friend
Percy.
P. S. I have sent you enclosed a Ridicule upon the Gen1.
Congress.
To
The Revd. Dr. Percy.
XIII
To Henry Reveley, Esq.
Boston^ Dec. 6, 1774.
Dear Reveley:
. . . You see I am not yet dead, though the Morning Chronicle
has been so good as to kill me: nor indeed, in the way of dy-
ing, for I never enjoyed my health better. The Scarborough
Man of War returned to us last Saturday from Eng. What
orders she has brought, nobody knows. Everything is kept
quite secret.
The Asia came in here, also, on Monday, but waits for the
spring tides to get up. The Somerset and the Boyne are not yet
arrived, but we expecl them every day. This Reinforcement
gives great spirits, as you may imagine, to the Friends of Gov-
ernment, & has frightened the Sons of Liberty (as they call
themselves) confoundedly.
[ 45 ]
PERCY LETTERS
However, as nothing has been done in consequence of the
arrival of these ships, they begin to feel Bold again.1 . . .
Tr sincere Friend &c.
Percy.
XIV
To Grey Cooper,2 Esq.
Grey Cooper, Esq. [4fter December 13, 1774.]
SIR : I shd not think of troubling you . . . had not an extrad'y
event taken place at Portsmouth, in N. H. On Monday
or Tuesday last, Mr. Paul Revere (a person who is employed
by the Com of Correspondence, here, as a messenger) arrived
at Portsmth with a letter from the Com here to those of that
place, on the receipt of wh circular letters were wrote to all
the neighboring towns; & an armed body of 400 or 500 men
marched the next day into the town of Portsmouth, and pro-
ceeded from thence to the fort near Newcastle, at the entrance
of the harbor, wh was garrisoned by only a Capt. and 4 or 5
gunners. This fort they attacked and carried, from whence
they have removed upwards of 100 barrels of powder, 1500
stand of small arms, and several pieces of light cannon, from
3 to 1 2 pounders, to the am't (as I am informed) of 30 or up-
wards. With this prize they marched afterwards to Exeter, a
1 A reference to his rank in the army follows .
2 Grey Cooper (calling himself "Sir Grey Cooper, Bart." after 1775) was at this time joint Sec-
retary of the Treasury, an able financier and administrator who held the office until 1782. He died
July 30, 1801, at the age of seventy-five years.
[ 46 ]
PERCY LETTERS
town about 16 miles distant from Portsm, where they have
secured them under a strong guard.1
What is the most extraordy in this event is, that notwith-
standing the Capt fired at them, both with some field pieces
and small arms, nobody was either killed or wounded. They
kept the Capt and his men prisoners till they had removed
everything, and then set them at liberty.
By this, and what has lately happened at R. I., you will see
how universal this Spirit is,2 and to what a length it has got,
and therefore how nec'y to crush it before it is too late, . . .
A ship sails tomorrow for Glasgow.
XV
To General Harvey3
Boston, Feb. 9, '75.
. . . Things are in a strange unsettled state here. The leaders
undoubtedly grow more desperate as they see less hopes of
escaping, and do all they can to drive the others to extremi-
1 Substantially the same story appears in Force's American Arc/rives, afh series, vol. /., column 1053.
Revere voas sent December 1 zth to --warn the Portsmouth patriots that two British ships had
sailed from Boston to seize the povjder at Fort William and Mary.
2 Writing to his father January 25, 1775, Lord Percy says-. " Both parties here are --waiting im-
patiently for the determinations on your side of the Atlantick. If Gt Britain relaxes in the least,
adieu to the colonies. They will be lost forever." The Duke, never in sympathy vjith the --war, ob-
tained, December 5, 1 774, an order permitting General Gage to send his son to England. This offer
Lord Percy declined because his duty lay --with the army in America. (See De Fonblanque's Annals
of the House of Percy, --where this letter is mentioned.)
3 Edward Harvey, lieutenant-general in 1772, member of Parliament for Harwich, and "gov-
ernor of the town and isle of Portsmouth and South Sea Castle," died March 27, 1778. (Gentle-
man s Magazine for 1778, page 142.")
[ 47 ]
PERCY LETTERS
ties We are waiting with impatience the determinations
and orders from yr side of the water. Whatever they are, I
hope they will be pointed and effectual ones; for you left so
many loopholes in the last acts you passed, that it was found
not possible to enforce them.1. . .
XVI
To the Rev. Thomas Percy
Boston, Ap1. 8'". 1775.
Dear DR.
THO' I have wrote so lately both to my Father & Mother,
yet I always take every opportunity of letting some of
you at North". House hear from me. Things now every day
begin to grow more & more serious; A Vessel is arrived by
accident here that has brought us a Newspaper in which we
have the joint Address of the two Houses of Parliament to
His Majesty; this has convinced the Rebels (for we may now
legally call them so) that there is no hopes for them but by
submitting to Parliament; they have therefore begun seriously
to form their Army & have already appointed all the Staff.
They are every day in greater Numbers evacuating this Town
& have proposed in Congress, either to set it on Fire & attack
the troops before a reinforcement comes, or to endeavour to
starve us. Which they mean to adopt, time only can show. The
Gen1, however has received no Ace1, whatever from Europe,
so that [on] our side no steps of any kind can be taken as yet.
1 A reference to the conduil oft-zvo company officers follows .
[ 48 1
PERCY LETTERS
The Weather here for the last three weeks has been cold &
disagreable, a kind of second Winter, however as this day is
remarkably warm & fine I flatter myself our good Weather
is now beginning. Thank God, I still continue to enjoy my
health perfectly & have very much surprised the Inhabitants
here by going constantly all Winter with my bosom open with-
out a Great Coat. They own however that this was a remark-
ably mild Winter. I think I have felt it colder in England.
Adieu my Dear Dr. Make my Duty agreable to My Father
& Mother & be assured I ever am
Tour sincere Friend
Percy.
XVII
To Governor Gage of Massachusetts
(Official Account of the Retreat from Lexington)
Boston, 20 April, IJ7S-
SR,—
IN obedience to your ExcelP orders I marched yesterday
morning at 9 o'clk, with the first Brigade and 2 Field-
pieces, in order to cover the retreat of the Grenadiers & Light
Infy, on their return from The Expedition to Concord.1
1 Percy marched through Brookline, and it is the tradition that he was taunted with verses from
Chew Chase. Curiously enough, Horace Walfole, on hearing of the encounter, wrote to Sir Horace
Mann from Strawberry Hill, June $tk:
So here is this fatal war commenced!
The child that is unborn shall rue
The hunting of that day I
C 49 1
PERCY LETTERS
As all the houses were shut up, & there was not the ap-
pearance of a single inhabitant, I could get no intelligence
concerning them till I had passed Menotomy, when I was
informed that the Rebels had attacked His Majesty's Troops,
who were retiring, overpowered by numbers, greatly exhausted
& fatigued, & having expended almost all their ammunition.
And about 2 o'clk I met them retiring through the Town of
Lexington.
I immediately ordered the 2 field-pieces to fire at the
Rebels, and drew up the Brigade on a height. The shot from
the cannon had the desired effect, & stopped the Rebels for
a little time, who immediately dispersed, & endeavoured to
surround us, being very numerous. As it began now to grow
pretty late, & we had 1 5 miles to retire, & only our 36 rounds,
I ordered the Grenadiers and Lgt Infy to move off first, &
covered them with my Brigade, sending out very strong flank-
ing parties, wh were absolutely necessary, as there was not a
stone-wall, or house, though before in appearance evacuated,
from whence the Rebels did not fire upon us.
As soon as they saw us begin to retire, they pressed very
much upon our rear-guard, which for that reason I relieved
every now & then. In this manner we retired for 1 5 miles
under an incessant fire all round us, till we arrived at Charles-
town, between 7 & 8 in the even, very much fatigued with a
march of above 30 miles, & having expended almost all our
ammunition.
We had the misfortune of losing a good many men in the
retreat, tho' nothing like the number wh, from many circum-
stances, I have reason to believe were killed of the Rebels.
His Majesty's Troops during the whole of the affair be-
[ 50 ]
PERCY LETTERS
haved with their usual intrepidity & spirit. Nor were they a
little exasperated at the cruelty and barbarity of the Rebels,
who scalped & cut off the ears of some of the wounded men
who fell into their hands.1
/ am, &c
Signed Percy
A£ling Brig Gen.
To the HonhU GovR Gage
1 The same report, indorsed "In the HonhIe Gov Gage's (No. 28) of April, 1775," is in the
P. R. O. America and West Indies, vol. 130; reprinted Massachusetts Historical Society Pro-
ceedings, May, 18 7 6, page 349.
This version differs slightly from another found at Aln-ivick Castle, copied in part by Mr.
Porter, with his comment : " Evidently a rough draft copy of his report to Gen. Gage."
Apr 20, '75.
Sir:
AT Menotomy, I was informed by a person whom I met that there had been a skirmish be-
A tween his Maj's troops & the rebels at Lexn, & that they were still engaged. On this, I
immediately pressed on, & in less than 2 miles we heard the firing very distinctly. About this
time (wh was between 1 and 2 o'clk in the aftn) I met with L1. Gould of the King's Own
Reg, who was wounded, & who informed me that the Grens & L[ight] I[nfantry] had been
attacked by the rebels about daybreak, & were retiring, having expended most of their am-
munition: & in about a quarter of an hour I met them retiring thro1 Lexn. I immedty ordered
the two field pieces to fire at the Rebels. . . . The shot from the cannon had the desired effecl:.
... In this manner we retired for 15 m. under an incessant fire all round us, till we arrived at
Chastown, wh road I chose to take, lest the rebels shd have taken up the bridge at Cambridge
(wh I find was actually the case), & also as the country was more open & the road shorter. Dur-
ing the whole of our retreat, the rebels endeavored to annoy us by concealing themselves behind
stone walls & within houses, & firing straggling shot at us from thence ; nor did I during the
whole time perceive any body of them drawn up together, exc. near Cambr, just as we turned
down towards Chastown, who dispersed on a cannon shot being fired at them, & came down
to attack our right flank in the same straggling manner the rest had done before. ... In obed.
to Yr Excellency's command, I have drawn up the above state1 of the affair. . . .
fif / am &c
[ 51 1
PERCY LETTERS
XVIII
To General Harvey
(Part of an unofficial account of the retreat from Lexington)
Apl 20, 1775. Boston.
... I therefore pressed on to [the] relief [of the British troops]
as fast as good order & not blowing the men would allow. . . .
The rebels were in great no8., the whole country having
collected for 20 m around. ... I ordered the Gren[adier]s
& Lfight] I[nfantry] to move off, covering them with my
Brig[ade], & detaching strong flanking parties wh was abso-
lutely nec'y, as the whole country we had to retire thro' was
covd with stone walls, & was besides a very hilly, stony coun-
try. In this manner, we retired for 1 5 m under an incessant
rire, wh like a moving circle surrounded & fold us wherever
we went, till we arrived at Charlestown at 8 in the ev'g, . . .
& having expended almost every cartridge. You will easily
conceive that in such a retreat, harassed as we were on all
sides, it was impossible not to lose a good many men.
The following is an acct of them : 65 k[illed] ,157 w[ounded] ,
& 21 m[issing], besides 1 off? k[illed], 15 w[ounded], & 2
w[ounded] & taken prisoners. . . . During the whole affair the
Rebels attacked us in a very scattered, irregular manner, but
with perseverance & resolution, nor did they ever dare to form
into any regular body. Indeed, they knew too well what was
proper, to do so.
Whoever looks upon them as an irregular mob, will find
[ 52 ]
PERCY LETTERS
himself much mistaken. They have men amongst them who
know very well what they are about, having been employed
as Rangers agst the Indians & Canadians, & this country being
much covd w. wood, and hilly, is very advantageous for their
method of fighting.
Nor are several of their men void of a spirit of enthusiasm,
as we experienced yesterday, for many of them concealed them-
selves in houses, & advanced within 10 yds. to fire at me &
other officers, tho' they were morally certain of being put to
death themselves in an instant.
You may depend upon it, that as the Rebels have now had
time to prepare, they are determined to go thro' with it, nor
will the insurrection here turn out so despicable as it is per-
haps imagined at home. For my part, I never believed, I con-
fess, that they wd have attacked the King's troops, or have
had the perseverance I found in them yesterday.
I have myself fortunately escaped very well, having only
had a horse shot. Poor Lt.-Cols Smith & Barnard, are both
wounded, but not badly.1. . .
1 T-uoo letters which follow refer to Lord Percy s part in the affair :
General Gage to Lord Dartmouth:
1D Percy arrived opportunely to their assistance, his Brigade & 2 p[iece]s of cannon, & not-
j withstanding a continual skirmish for the space of 15 m[ile]s, receiving Fire from every
hill, fence, house, barn, &c, his Lordship kept the enemy off, & bro't the Troops to Chastown,
from whence they were ferried over to Boston.
Too much praise cannot be given to Ld Percy for his remarkable aclivity & conduit during
the whole day.
Killed 62
Woundd 157
Missing 24
Lord Drummond to [Lord Dartmouth]:
[1775, June 9-] I0 o'clock evening. Whitehall.
HAS just seen a letter dated Boston 21 April from a gentleman of some importance who
has arrived there from Salem which place he quitted on account of the affair of the 19th;
[ 53 ]
PERCY LETTERS
XIX
To the Duke of Northumberland1
Boston, 20 Apl [1775].
I WAS ordered out yesterday morning to cover the retreat
of the Grenadiers and Lgt Infy, who had been sent upon an
exped" into the country.2 I had with me my Brigade [and] 2
p[iece]s of cannon. We met them at a Town about 1 5 m[ile]s
off, sharply attacked & surrounded by the Rebels, having fired
away almost all their ammunition. I had the happiness, how-
ever, of saving them from inevitable destruction, & arrived
with them at Chastown, opposite Boston, abl 8 o'clk last night,
not, however, without the loss of a great many, having been
under an incessant fire for 15 m[ile]s.
The Rebels, however, have suffered much more than the
King's Troops. I have not [myself] recd even the least scratch,
so I beg you will not [either of you] be uneasy on my account.
There can now surely be no doubt of their being in open Re-
he states that the retreat by Lord Percy was deemed a piece of masterly officership in bringing off
his men with so little loss through a severe and incessant fire for twenty miles; killed, wounded
and missing between 80 and 100 including many officers. The provincials were endeavouring
to cut off communication between the town and country and they are computed at 20,000. Lord
Percy is in good health at General Gage's house.
Autograph tetter signed. 3 quarto pages.
Endorsed: — Ld Drummond 9th June 1775. Intelligence from Boston.
{From 14th report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, Appendix, part x., page
312 — Dartmouth MSS., <vol. ii.)
1 This letter is printed in De Fonblanque" s Annals of the House of Percy, 'vol. ii. {1SS7), page 552.
2 De Fonblanque" s text reads " up the country." Words in brackets do not appear in Mr. Porter s
copy.
[ 54 ]
PERCY LETTERS
bellion, for they fired first upon the King's Troops, as they were
marching quietly along.1. . .
To His Grace,
The D of Nd
XX
To Henry Reveley, Esq., Peckham, Surrey
[Boston, May, 1775.]
Dear Reveley:
. . . Our situation is disagreable enough, for we are confined
to the town, the Blockade having now continued for about six
weeks. You will have heard that we were attacked on the 19th
of last month, on our return to this town, by a very numerous
body of Rebels, who, notwithstanding they kept up a constant
fire upon us, for upwards of 1 5 m[ile]s, yet only killed [of?] us
about 40 men .They have lately amused themselves with burn-
ing the houses upon an island just under the Admiral's nose,
& a schooner, with 4 carriage guns & some swivels, which
he sent to drive them off, unfortunately got aground, & the
Rebels have burnt her. This is not the most agreable thing
that could have happened. As our generals have now arrived,
I take it for granted that something will be undertaken. I wish
1 Lord Dartmouth to the Duke of Northumberland.
LORD Dartmouth presents his comp« to the Duke of North**, & has the honor to send His
J Grace two extracts from private letters from Boston, wh have been communicated to him.
. . . "Ld Percy has acquired great honor, he was in every place of danger, cool, deliberate, &
wise in all his orders.". . . "Ld Percy commanded & behaved with distinguished honor, & tho'
he was continually in a shower of bullets, & an objecl that was much aimed at on horseback,
came off unhurt."
Black heath, ti "June, 1775.
[ 55 1
PERCY LETTERS
we may succeed, as it is necessary to give them a good Blow
at first. . . .
. . . Percy.
XXI
To the Duke of Northumberland
Boston, June 19, 1775.
My dearest Father:
THO' I am always desirous to write to you by every op-
por'y, yet am I more eager to do it after every little
action, in order to inform you that I am perfectly safe & well.
On the 17th Gen. Howe, at the head of the Grens and Lt
Inf 'y, & about 2000 men of the Battalions, passed over to
Chastown, in order to dislodge the Rebels from thence, where
they had flung up a very strong intrenchment in order to annoy
both this Town & the shipping.
This he effected after a very obstinate engagement, & drove
them totally off the Peninsula. As the Rebels had there be-
tween 14 & 1 5000 men intrenched up to the chins, & stood
the assault in the redoubt, the affair was a very bloody one
on both sides. My Reg1, being one of the first that entered the
redoubt, is almost entirely cut to pieces: there are but 9 men
left1 in my co, & not above 5 in one of the others. None of
my officers were killed, tho' a great many wounded, amongst
1 De Fonblanque's text reads : "there are not nine men left." He explains the words "my com-
pany " as a company raised by Lord Percy to bring up his regiment to the war establishment when
ordered on acli-ue service. "The colonel was usually captain of a company which was under the
immediate command of a captain-lieutenant. This was true in America also for a time after the
war opened.
[ 56 ]
PERCY LETTERS
wh no. is Mr. Charleton's son. I flatter myself, however, that
it will be attended with no bad consequences. For my own
part, I had no share in this action, being upon duty in the
lines on that day, so that I was only entertained by a pretty
smart cannonade, wh we kept up from there upon Roxbury,
in order to amuse the Rebels on that side.
If you shd see Lord Huntingdon, I beg you will inform him
that his nephew, Lord Rawdon, is perfectly safe & well.
As my Capt of Grenadiers was wounded pretty early in the
day, Ld Rawdon commanded my Grenadier Co. during most
part of the engagement, & has distinguished himself in a
most remarkable manner.
By the best acc'ts I can as yet get of the matter, we had
about ioo men killed in this action, & the Rebels above 3
times that n°.
The principal killed on their side is Dr. Warren, Pres't of
the Provincial Congress, and on ours poor Majr Pitcairn, who
commanded the two battalions of marines, & about whom I
wrote to my mother.
As money is extremely difficult to be got here, at any rate,
I shd think myself particularly obliged to you if you wd order
Messrs. H. to send me out by the first safe conveyance com-
ing directly to this port, 500 guineas; but if there is any diffi-
culty in getting that quantity of the coin out, the same sum in
Portugal pieces will do, provided they are all of the full
weight: as otherwise they will not pass here. . . .
. . . Percy.
[ 57 ]
PERCY LETTERS
XXII
To General Harvey (?)
Boston, July 28, 1775.
Gen1:
HERE we are still cooped up, and now so surrounded with
lines & works as not to be able to advance into the coun-
try without hazarding too much. For our army is so small that
we cannot even afford a victory, if it is attended with any loss
of men. The Rebels have now grown so daring as to make
descents on the Islands in the harbor, & carry off the cattle
even under the guns of our fleet. About 3 weeks ago they
burned the Light House here.
I must own, I cannot help thinking myself particularly for-
tunate that my rank in the army makes it only my duty to
obey, without entitling me to be consulted on any occasion,
for I can't say I either approve of our present system or mea-
sures, but as they have been formed by more experienced
heads than mine, I must not doubt but they are right.
However, every blockhead will form an opinion of his own,
& I hope you will excuse me for having mine.
I confess I shd have tho't it a more eligible system, to take
advantage of the great Hudson's River to have carried the war
into the heart of the country (as a war was inevitable), rather
than to have remained here without magazines in a country
wh is so penetrated by hills, woods, & ravines, as makes it the
most favorable spot in the world for the irregular, undisci-
plined troops of the rebels We cd then have kept up com-
[ <8 ]
PERCY LETTERS
munication with Canada, & shut off the supplies from New
Engl. This idea is in some measure taken from that of Marshal
Saxe, in the conquest of Poland, wh I must own always pleased
me, & not the less now that it has been almost wholly fol-
lowed by the King of Prussia.
XXIII
To the Rev. Thomas Percy
Camp on Mount Whoredom , Aug'. 12. 1775.
A STRANGE Place Dear Dr. to write from to a Clergy-
man— Yet so it is, My Tent is upon the highest Summit
of it. Know then that there is a ridge of Hills so called running
from the Harbour towards the Center of the Town, on which
my Brigade is encamped. Was I not certain that you would
attribute my silence to the true Cause, want of time, I should
fill this Paper with Apologies for my not answering your Let-
ters more regularly. But I will say no more on that Subject,
& only thank you in this One for about twenty, which I have
received from you. Nothing can make me happier than the
News I have from all hands of my Mother's Recovery. I must
confess I was very much alarmed at the different Accounts
I have lately had of Her bad State of Health. I have wrote to
my Brother by this opportunity to congratulate Him on His
Wedding. My Father writes me word She is well spoken of.1
1 Lord Algernon Percy married, June 8 , 1775, Isabella Susannah, second daughter of Peter Burr ell
of Beckenham, Kent, sister of the first Lord G-xvydyr. Writing to Dr. Percy from Newcastle in
[ 59 ]
PERCY LETTERS
I hope they will be happy. I must own I could have wished
for your Sake that there had been a little more of the Decus
et Tutamen Avorum. However the Pedigree is in good hands
when it is in yours.
A curious Event has taken place here yesterday. Our Ad-
miral has been boxing in the Street with one of the Commis-
sioners of the Customs. I have not heard the true History of
the Affair, but from what I can gather I believe the Admiral
has had the worst of it in every respeft. Pray make my bacio los
manos to Reveley & Madame on the Birth of their Daughter.
I hope they got my Letter soon enough.
If you should see Mr. Charleton, or anybody from Northd.
House should have occasion to write to Him pray let him
know that his Son is doing very well & assure Him that a Toe
more or less is of no consequence whatever. As for poor Gair
he is very ill. So ill that I assure you I am a good [?] alarmed
about Him. I should be particularly sorry to lose Him, for He
is not only a perfectly well bred Gentleman, but holds a very
high Rank in his Profession, & is in great esteem amongst all
the Medical Persons here.
Adieu My Dear Dr. make my best Comp". acceptable to
all your Family & be assured I am
Tour sincere Friend
Percy.
to
The Revd. & Z>\ Percy.
1778, Lord Percy said that unless he could find "a second Lady Algernon'" he would not be easily
tempted to marry again {his first marriage having been an unhappy one). In \tj<) Lord Percy
married Lady Algernon s younger sister.
[ 60 ]
PERCY LETTERS
XXIV
To the Duke of Northumberland
Boston, Aug. 1 8, y$.
[My dearest] Father:
. . . I have enclosed a newspaper containing copies of some
letters wrote by some of the principal people at the Congress,
wh were intercepted by us. They will lay open to you in a
good measure the intention of that Congress on wh Eng.
seems to depend for reconciliation. You will perceive from
them that their aim is (what I am convinced it has ever been)
Independence.
What their European friends will say for them, now, I
can't tell.
XXV
To Henry Reveley, Esq.
Boston, OB. 29, 1775.
Dear Reveley:
. . . Nothing material has happened here since the 17th June,
except the other night an experiment wh the Rebels tried
with a piece of cannon or two in a flat-bottomed boat. With
these they fired 1 5 or 20 shot thro' our camp into the Town,
when alas, one of the cannon burst, blew up the boat, & sent
most of the crew to the Devil.1
1 Samuel Haivs, an American private, avrote in his diary Oclober i jth : " At night our floating
Eatery s avent up to-zuards the canon [Common ?~\ and fired i 3 shots but unlucky for them one of their
9 pounders split and killed one man dead and •wounded 8 moreT
[ 6l ]
PERCY LETTERS
Our weather is now very rainy and cold: I promise you a
tent is no very agreeable habitation just now; & I fear it will
be some time before we get into quarters. The Rebels have
built Barracks for their Raggamuffins all round us, so that
I suppose they intend to be our neighbors for this winter. I
don't believe they will be very troublesome ones.1 . . .
Tr sincere fd
& Aff cousin Percy.
XXVI
To General Haldimand2
Boston, Dec. 14", 1775.
Dear Sir:
SINCE I did myself the pleasure of writing to you last, our
situation is exactly the same. The Rebels, however, have
been too fortunate in other places. Canada, as you will have
been already informed, is in their hands. Besides this, they
have been very successful at sea, having taken a brig loaded
with military stores, and — what was to them still a greater
1 A few words about Percys relatives, of no general interest, have been omitted at the beginning
and end of the letter.
2 General Sir Frederick Haldimand, K.B., was bom in Switzerland in 171 8, and saw service
in Holland before coming to America in 1758. //-? was in command in Florida from 1766 to 1778,
except for a short period in New York, and a journey to England in August, 1 775, to give infor-
mation on the condition of the colonies. As Governor of Canada from 1778 to 1784 he is said to have
been harsh and arbitrary. The General died in the canton of Neufchdtel, June 5, 1791.
Captain Evelyn, who was stationed in Boston in 1774, wrote, Oclober 31J/: " Mr. Bourmaster
is just come in with his transports from New York, bringing General Haldimand." (Scull's Evelyn,
page 34.)
[ 62 ]
PERCY LETTERS
prize — a ship from Glasgow with great quantities of blanket-
ing, woollens, and gloves, all which they were before in great
want of. As they have yesterday begun to fling up a work on
Phip's Farm, just opposite to Barton's Point, I fancy they mean
to bring the mortar which they took in the ordnance brig. If
they do, they may trouble us a good deal, as they are within
about iooo yards of the Town. It is very odd that Great
Britain still persists in sending out vessells to this part of the
world unarmed. The Transports with the troops from Ireland
are not yet arrived. One, indeed, with 4 Companies of the 17th
Reg., came in here about 6 weeks ago; we imagine the rest
are gone to the West Indies. Our Discipline is exaclly the
same as when you left us, which we shall begin to perceive
now the Troops have got into winter quarters. I am extremely
happy to find that your reception in London was agreeable to
you; you merited it. I had no doubt that His Majesty would
do what was proper. I assure you, you are by no means for-
got by your friends on this side the Atlantic. Gen. Howe, in
the handsomest manner, in the Augmentation, appointed your
nephew a 2nd Lieut, in his own Reg., imagining, as you had
desired he might do duty with it, that such a step would be
agreeable to you; and yesterday he very obligingly appointed
him a full Lieutenant in the 45th Reg., chusing particularly
that Corps, as there were two situations vacant; by which
means your nephew would have a Lieutenant under him, and
therefore would not be broke, tho' the youngest Company
should be again reduced.
I have had the pleasure of being acquainted with L1. Col.
Monkton, and shall take care to particularly recommend Mr.
Haldimand to his care. Adieu, my dear Gen. Keep yourself
[ 63 ]
PERCY LETTERS
warm this cold weather, and be assured I am, with greatest
truth,
Tour sincere friend
And humble servant,
Percy.
I beg you will be kind enough to make my very best com-
pliments to Cap1. Dorkins, and tell him the Engineers have
not found it necessary to alter his works in the least, which
have been found remarkably useful.1
XXVII
To the Rev. Thomas Percy
Boston JarP yth. 1776.
Dear DR.
YOU will easily see how very irregularly the Letters from
Europe arrive, when I inform you, that I did not receive
your Letter of the 2d. of Septr. till yesterday. Having settled
this Point, allow me to wish you & your Family the Com-
pliments of the Season, which I hope to do in Person next
year, for I take it for granted the next Campaign will be so
active & I hope so decisive a One that the Rebels will be glad
to sue for Mercy. All however will depend on Our having
a Sufficient Force sent Us out very early in the Spring. As
Gen1. Clinton is just going to set out on a detached Command,
1 Given in C. W. Turtle s Capt. Francis Champernonvne, The Dutch Conquest of Acadie, and
other Historical Papers {Boston, 1889), page 259. Original in Haldimand Papers, Canadian Ar-
chives. See Calendar, page 525, no. 229.
[ 64 ]
PERCY LETTERS
I shall be the only Majr. Gen1, left under Mr. Howe, so that I
shall have business enough. If the Patriots were here, they
would abuse Us, & say the Scotch influenced the Cabinet here
as well as at home, for Brigr. Gen1. Grant directs Our Com-
mander in Chief & all his Operations. Mr. Howe is I believe
the only Man in his Army who does not perceive it. I know
the Brigr. well, & am certain that his Abilities are not equal to
what he has undertaken that is the being Director General
to the Commander in Chief of such an Army as Ours. I wish
from my Soul that we may not feel the Consequences. I have
not the least Guess by what Conveyance this Letter is to go,
but it shall be by the very first. Our new Admiral is arrived,
& like all other new Brooms seems to promise to sweep clean.
We wanted a more Active man than the last, for really the
Service suffered material during his Command. Mr. Shuldam '
is a Man well spoken of in his Profession, & therefore I hope
we shall go on well. We have had the most violent Gales of
Wind for some time past that ever was known, so that we
suppose great numbers of the Ships destined for this Port, are
gone to the West Indies. Adieu Dear Dr. make my Compts.
to all your Family & believe me to be
Tours sincerely
Percy.
Dr. Percy
To
The Reverend
D". Percy.
1 Admiral Molyneux Shuldham.
[ 65 ]
PERCY LETTERS
[On the night of March \th Washington fortified Dorchester Heights,
which overlooked the town. Howe ordered Percy to storm the American
works, but soon changed his plans. Percy wrote March 6th: "It is de-
termined to evacuate this town. I believe Halifax is to be our destination."
The British troops left Boston on the iyth of March.]
XXVIII
To the Rev. Thomas Percy
Halifax, June \". 1776.
Dear D\
ALLOW me to return you many thanks for the Letters I
l\ have had the Pleasure of receiving lately from You. I can-
not express how much I feel myself obliged to you for all the
News you are so good as to give me. The History of the Ladies
Head-dress is really entertaining. I did not think my Fair
Countrywomen would have made themselves so ridiculous.
I hope the Cabbages Potatoes &c. will be displaced, & that
some Heroic Damsel will instead of them grace Her Head
with a representation of the Actions at Lexington or Bunkers
Hill, or the Flight of the Rebels from before Quebeck.1 The
Niger Man of War brought us yesterday the last agreable
Piece of News. And so precipitate was their Retreat that whole
Companies flung away even their Arms. Nay they left their
Pots boiling, so that the King's Troops set down & eat their
dinners for them. As I take for granted you will have the
Particulers of this Affair from Canada long before the Arrival
1 After the failure of the attack upon S^uebec,and Montgomery s death, December 31, 1775, Arnold
spent the winter near the city. In the spring the British commander received reinforcements and
ivas able to drive the Americans out of Canada.
[ 66 ]
PERCY LETTERS
of this Letter, I shall not trouble you with a Detail of them.
I hope I shall soon be able to send you some good News from
our Quarter. We are to sail on Wednesday or Thursday next,
& I think in about a fortnight after that, something must pop
between us & the Rebels.
Adieu Dear Dr. make my best Comp,s. acceptable to Mrs.
Percy & your Family & believe me to be
Your sincere Friend
Percy.
P: S: Since writing the above Cap1. Mowatt is just arrived
& has brought me two Letters more from you, for which I
return you many thanks.
To
The Revd. Dr. Percy.
\From Halifax the British army sailed for New York, landed at Staten
Island late in June, and a month later took Brooklyn, which, with Staten
Island, forms the entrance to the inner harbor of New Tork.~\
XXIX
To the Duke of Northumberland
JSP. 10th : New Town Long Island
Sef. 1". 1776.
ALLOW me my dearest Father to congratulate You on a
l\. Victory1 the King's Troops obtain'd over the Rebels at
1 The battle of Brooklyn or Long Island.
[ 67 ]
PERCY LETTERS
Bedford near Brookland on the 27th of last Month; which both
in its immediate & consequential Effects, is likely to be of the
greatest Advantage to Great Britain. On the 26th at Night We
marched from Utrecht on this Island, where we had landed
without Opposition, & passing thro' Fletlands made for a
Gorge in the Mountains which We flattered ourselves was not
Guarded, in order to gain the left Flank of the Enemy. This
Plan succeeded even beyond our Expectations, for we were on
the Flank, & in their Rear, before they knew what we were
about. The Engagement did not begin till the advanced Guard
under Gen1. Clinton & Lord Corn wallis had arrived at Bedford,
& before I could get up with the Army the Affair was over.
I had however an Opportunity of sending the light Infantry
of the Guards to attack a Party of the Rebels, but they ran
away directly & only allow'd the Guards just Time to give
them one Fire, our loss on this Occasion is scarce to be men-
tioned. We had only five Officers & fifty seven Men killed, &
about 20 Officers wounded. In short our whole Loss in killed,
wounded, & missing, does not exceed 300 Men, Whereas on
the Rebel side by the very best Accts. from themselves they
have lost upwards of 300c Men. We have taken three Genls.
besides a surprizing Number of Field & other Officers & 1 500
Private Men Prisoners. This was intirely owing to our Men
attacking them the proper Way. The moment the Rebels fired
our Men rushed on them with their Bayonets & never gave
them Time to load again — Our Men behaved themselves like
British Troops fighting in a good Cause. I cannot Omit men-
tioning the Guards at whose Head I had the Honor to be —
that Day. The Spirit & Alertness of both Officers & Men de-
[ 68 ]
PERCY LETTERS
serve the highest Encomiums. Their readiness & willingness
to do whatever they were desired, has gained them the Esteem
& Approbation of the whole Army. In short they are not only
the finest Body of Men that ever was seen, but it seems to be
the Study of every Officer & Man amongst them to be as dis-
tinguishable for Discipline, Spirit, & Conducl, Nothing is a
Hardship, nothing is a difficulty with Them. Whatever they
are directed to do, they do with Chearfullness & Pleasure. I
am happy to be able to do them this Justice which they richly
deserve & I am sure his Majesty must be pleased to hear that
His Guards have proved themselves worthy of the Honor
they enjoy of being near His Person when at Home, by their
very proper & spirited Conduct when in the Field. On the
30th. about 3 in the Morng. the Rebels evacuated or rather fled
from all their strong works at Brookland & passed over to
New York, leaving behind them, Cannon, Stores, Horses, Pro-
visions & even most of their Tents. And giving us up by this
means quiet Possession of Long Island. In consequence of
which We marched on Yesterday to this Place, where almost
every body has come in to Us, such as have been in Arms or
Aclive have surrendered Themselves, & all taken the Oaths,
Whole Regts. we are informed have deserted from them at
New York, & in short they are in the greatest State of Con-
fusion. They feel severely the Blow on the 27th. & I think I
may venture to assert, that they will never again stand before
us in the Field. Every Thing seems to be over with Them, &
I flatter myself now that this Campaign will put a total End
to the War. I own it will on many Accts. give me great Satis-
faction if that should be the Case but on none more, than
[ 69 ]
PERCY LETTERS
because it will afford me an Opportunity soon of convincing
You in Person with what sincerity I am
Tour most dutifull
& most Affedlionate Son
Percy.
Majr. Cuyler one of Gen1. Howe's Aid de Camps will be
good enough to present this to you. If you should see Ld. or Ly.
Aylesford1 I beg you will be so good as to tell them, that
Mr. Finch is going on remarkably well & is perfectly safe &
unhurt.
XXX
To Lord George Germain*
[New Town, Long Is/and, Sept. 2nd, 1776.]
AMIDST the various congratulations which your lordship
l will receive on account of the victory gained over the
rebels by His Majesty's troops on the 27th of last month,3 to-
gether with its subsequent effects, permit me to add my tribute.
Nor should I have presumed to trouble your lordship even
now had not my father acquainted me with the very flatter-
ing manner in which you have been pleased to mention my
conduct. Praise from your lordship I own I am proud of, and
1 Lady Aylesford nvas the sister of Algernon, seventh duke of Somerset, Percy's grandfather, the
son, Edxvard Finch, became colonel of the Twenty-second Regiment.
2 Lord George Germain, son of the first duke of Dorset, ivas born in 171 6. He nvas appointed by
Lord North in 1775 Secretary of State for the Colonies, which position he held until 1782, support-
ing the ministry^ vigorous policy against America.
3 The battle of Brooklyn or Long Island.
[ 70 ]
PERCY LETTERS
be assured I shall always be happy to lend my aid and assist-
ance in support of Government under an honest and able Min-
ister. The affair of the 27th, my lord, was ably planned and
nobly executed. The behaviour of both officers and men on
that occasion did honour to the country they came from and to
the cause in which they are engaged. The rebels have severely
felt the blow, and I think I may venture to foretell that this
business is pretty near over. I hope sincerely it is, and that
your lordship will soon enjoy the blessings of your country
from having delivered it from the most dangerous and unpro-
voked rebellion that ever existed, by your very proper and
spirited measures.1
XXXI
To a Getitleman in London
Ca?np at Newtown, September 4, 1776.
... It was the General's orders that the troops should receive
the Rebels' first fire,2 and then rush on them before they had
recovered their arms, with their bayonets, which threw them
intotheutmostdisorderandconfusion, they being unacquainted
with such a manoeuvre. A light dragoon, discovering three rifle-
men in a wood, who had secreted themselves in order to pick
out the officers as they appeared, attacked them, shot one, took
the other two prisoners, and brought them to Lord Percy, who
rewarded him for his gallant behaviour. A great many of the
1 Ninth report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, part Hi., page 85.
2 At the battle of Long Island.
[ 71 J
PERCY LETTERS
horses belonging to Preston's regiment, that were left in Boston
at the evacuation, were found on Long-Island.1 . . .
XXXII
To Lord George Germain
[New Tork, OB. 30M, 1776.]
ON Gen1. Howe's marching to the Continent I was left to
defend the island with three British brigades and one
Hessian. One of them encamped near New York, and the rest
defended our redoubts in the north part of the island.
The day the Gen1, left us the rebels came down with about
8,000 men and cannon, as if they meant to attack us; but I
knew them too well to imagine any such thing. I let them
therefore remain, as they did not chuse to come within canon
shot; and when they were tired they returned again to their
camp. Nothing happened from that time to the 27th,2 when
in consequence of orders from G1. Howe I marched with six
British and two Hessian regts to feel their lines, and at the
same time favor a moment [movement?] of Gen1 Kniphausen's
by drawing their attention this way. I approached therefore
with caution, for I had not force enough to attack them. By
the time I had advanced within random musquet shot, their
lines (three in number) were all completely manned. These
lines are from the middle to the summit of a high mountain,
one behind the other with square redoubts at about a 100
1 Forces American Archives, $th series, <uol. it., column 168.
2 Percy ivas left at Harlem Heights ivhile Hoive tried to get in Washington s rear. Washington
•withdrew to White Plains and nuas defeated there on the zSth.
[ 72 ]
PERCY LETTERS
yards from each other, the whole supported by Fort Wash-
ington, a la/ge square fort with bastions and 18 pounders.1
As our moving forward did not make them evacuate their
works, I tried what a few shots from six-pounders and shells
from two howitzers would do, but they were too well secured
by their parapets. About one o'clock in the afternoon they
were perceived bringing down canon from their fort into their
advanced lines, I left piquets in the former position, and re-
tired with the main body about halfway between their works
and ours.
My left (being the two Hessian regs) occupied a height
close to the North River, which commanded a plain to its
right, in this plain I placed two regs with their right to an-
other hill, where a reg1 and the haubitzers were posted, the
remainder of our force extended from thence across Harlaem
plains towards the East River, or as there called Harlaem Creek.
The rebels now began to canonade us, and as their shot went
over the British reg1 the most to the left, I retired a little out
of reach. (The other regs covered with a stone wall and trees
were secure). The two hills were much too strong for them
to attack, and as they flanked the plains where the other regs
were, I thought my position secure. That night I began to
work on the two hills, ordered the troops to send for their tents
as if I proposed remaining, and talked of the most desperate
intentions; it had not however the desired effecl:, for the rebels
who were at least 5,000 in number, posted in such strong lines
would not stir. They sent down in the morning (as they had
1 " Those ships came up, it seems, to enfilade our lines beltnv that fort, ivhilst Lord Percy attacked
them, --which he did three different times, but <was as often repulsed by the garrison of Fort Wash-
ington." {General George Clinton, Oclober 31, 1776. In Forceps American Archives, ^th series,
110I. ii., column 13 12.)
[ 73 ]
PERCY LETTERS
done the evening before), a number of their rangers to pop
at our advanced posts and sentries, and now and then fired a
few canon shot.
Having now fully answered the Genls. intentions, and being
indeed unable to remain longer on account of the smallness
of our numbers and the consequence of the island of New York
which this corps was left to guard, I determined to return to
the old position in our lines as soon as the evening favored
the retreat. This certainly was a very delicate operation, with a
small body just under the enemy's nose, some of our advanced
piquets within a hundred yards of theirs, and our sentries
within 30 or 40.
In the first place I kept my intentions quite to myself, and
till 4 o'clock in the afternoon, (at 8 I intended move), I did
not open my lips even to Gen'. Jones next in command; I only
sent him word I would call on him; at a quarter before six
I ordered the regs under arms, and the commanding officers
of the regs to come to me; I then gave each the dispositions
for the retreat, and their route, ordering the piquets to be left
till I sent to take them off, and settled such signals for retir-
ing as could not be mistaken. At six o'clock the retreat was
ordered. When the troops were on their march the piquets
were taken off silently and in an hour's time the whole re-
turned to their old camp, the enemy not finding we were gone
till next morning.
It is very fortunate that in this little excursion of two days
not a man suffered by their canon, and only four British sol-
diers were killed, and three slightly wounded with their mus-
quetry, and three Hessians wounded.
I do assure you I am almost a little vain on this retreat, as
[ 74 ]
PERCY LETTERS
the Hessians and all agree in calling the manoeuvre a masterly
one. The rebels were taken in, for whilst they were observing
my manoeuvres, Gen1. Kniphausen took from them their works
at King's bridge which they had left weakly guarded, bringing
almost all their forces to oppose me. The attention and obe-
dience to orders in all the troops on that occasion do them
the greatest honor, but their silence in getting under arms,
and on their return was beyond conception.
Next day the Gen1, ordered away the 4th brigade, so only
a British and Hessian brigade guard the lines, I am not un-
easy as the rebels dare not attack us.'
XXXIII
To Henry Reveley, Esq.
New York Island, Nov. 3, 1776.
My dear Reveley:
. . . News I can send you none. I am detached from the main
army with a corps to defend this Island & City, with all our
shipping & stores.
Gen. Hare [Howe] has gone to the Continent, & has sent
the Rebels to the Devil, or at least the next thing to it, into
New Engd. Don't tell this to Mr. Wm Vassal, who, I un-
derstand, is your neighbor. If ever you see him present my
comp,s to him.8. . .
1 Ninth report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, part Hi., page 86.
2 William V as sail graduated at Harvard in 1733 and purchased the Cooper estate on Pemberton
Hill (now the Square), Boston, in 1758. Here he lived in considerable state, and is said to have
entertained Lord Percy. Henventto England, probably in 1776, and was declared banished in 1778.
He lived at Clap ham, within walking distance of Reveley s home at Peckham, and died at Batter-
[ 75 1
PERCY LETTERS
I gave my Friends, the Rebels, a little [start?], this day's
sennight. I marched out with part of the army under my com-
mand towards their lines, within musket-shot, in order to
reconnoitre their forces, & draw their attention towards us,
to favor a manoeuvre of Lt.-Gen. Kniphausen, who was to
endeavor to get into their rear. This had the desired effecl:,
for, whilst they were sending off for re-inforcements to oppose
me, who, God knows, did not intend to meddle with them
(for they were more than three times my numbers) & besides
intrenched up to the eyes in their rows of lines, supported by
a very strong Redoubt, Kniphausen just got into the position
he wanted.
On Monday eve'g, therefore, having executed my orders,
I returned again to my old Camp, without their daring to
molest me. In this whole excursion I had but 4 British sol-
diers killed & 3 wounded. Their cannon were so ill pointed,
that tho' they fired annoyingly at us, they hit nobody.1. . ,
Percy.
sea Rise, May 8, 1800. 'the brilliant Lady Holland was a relative of his. VassalVs Boston house
became in 1803 the home of Gardiner Greene, brother-in-law of Lord Lyndhurst.
1 Nothing of public interest has been omitted from this letter.
The ninth report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts mentions a communication to
Lord George Germain, dated at New York, November 29, 1776, enclosing a plan {not now -with
letter) of "the rebel lines flung up to protecl the north part of the island, nvhich were forced by
four weak British and two Hessian battalions under Lord Percy s command on the 1 6th of No-
vember." On this day Fort Washington fell, and a winter of disasters for the American cause
began.
The Myers collection at the New York Public Library has a letter addressed to Richard Moles-
worth, Deputy Paymaster-General to the forces under Lord Percy, dated at Newport, April 28,
1777, authorizing the payment of money for the six Hessian regiments under the command of
Brigadier-General Loss berg 5 it is signed by Percy.
[ 76 ]
NOTE IN CONCLUSION
NOTE IN CONCLUSION
IT is to be regretted that we have no letters describing
Percy's brave assault upon Fort Washington and his op-
erations in Rhode Island — events of the period between
November 3, 1776, and his departure for England. A ship
which sailed from New York on the 23d of March, 1777,
for Liverpool carried news that Lord Percy's disagreement
with Sir William Howe in matters military was already the
subject of gossip, and that Percy wished to be relieved of his
command. His great popularity and influence made it pos-
sible for the opposition to Government to use this event to
embarrass the ministers whose conduct of affairs in America
was always open to criticism. Percy, it seems, remained in
Rhode Island with a separate command, after the successful
expedition against Newport, in which he was associated with
Sir Henry Clinton. In this position he expected a force under
him sufficient to permit extensive operations which might
add to his reputation as a soldier. The campaign in New
Jersey at the close of 1776, including Washington's brilliant
manoeuvres at Trenton and Princeton, made it necessary to
draw upon Percy's already inadequate forces. Howe thought
that his subordinate did not meet his requisitions promptly
and to the letter. Percy's friends, on the other hand, declared
that he "behaved like an angel," and that "exalted merit had
[ 79 ]
NOTE IN CONCLUSION
been exposed to jealousy and envy." The citizens and the
rank and file of the army held the latter view.
Having obtained a recall, Percy went on board the Mer-
cury packet at Rhode Island early in May, 1777, and reached
Falmouth, England, on the 2d of June, after a passage of
twenty-eight days.1 Upon his arrival in London he waited upon
Lord George Germain, "who immediately ordered his post-
chaise and took him to Kew, where he was most graciously
received, and had an audience with His Majesty near two
hours."2 Lord Percy's arrival aroused criticism of the ministry
among those who believed that his withdrawal from America
was due to his disapproval of the management of the war or
to jealousy on the part of Sir William Howe, and that Percy
could have been persuaded to continue in service against the
Colonies. In less than three months he was made a Lieutenant-
General in the army.
In the autumn Lord Percy, now a peer in his own right
through the death of his mother, moved the address to the
King in the House of Lords, speaking in a voice scarcely
audible. He had a word of praise for Howe, and for officers
who served in America under difficulties, far from those who
so readily criticised their actions. He expressed great sorrow
for the occasion of the war, but felt that it must go on until
the Colonies bowed before the rights of Great Britain and the
1 acThe Hcnves are not in fashion. Lord Percy is come home disgusted by the younger." (Horace
Walpole to Sir Horace Mann, June 18, 1777.)
2 London Chronicle, June 5-7 and 7-10, 1777.
[ 80 ]
NOTE IN CONCLUSION
superior power which upheld them. At other times he was
very discreet and reserved in his comments on the war.1
As Duke of Northumberland he continued to show an in-
terest in military affairs, although in later years an affliction
of the gout forced him to withdraw from active life.
1 Horace Walpole to Sir Horace Mann, July 17, 1777.
r 81 i
INDEX
INDEX
A DAMS, John, delegate to Con-
x\ gress> 36-
Adams, Samuel, delegate to Congress,
36-
Andrews, John, quoted, 34.
Andrews, Mrs. Ruthy, her sketches
of Boston, 28.
Army, British, in Massachusetts in
August, 1774, 31, 36; at battle of
Long Island, 69.
Aylesford, Charlotte, Countess of, 70.
U
Barnard, Lieutenant-Colonel Berry,
wounded, 53.
Bernard, Sir Francis, his house, 34.
Boston, people of, 27, 31 ; views of,
28; army at, in 1774, 31, 34,
36 ; Percy's house, 34; lighthouse
burned, 58 ; Mount Whoredom,
59; siege of, 62; evacuation, 66.
Boston Port Bill, 29.
Bunker Hill, battle of, 56, 57.
Burrell, Peter, father of Lady Algernon
Percy, 59; father of second Coun-
tess Percy, 60.
Charleton, Mr., his son wounded, 57,
60.
Clergy, attitude of, 29.
Climate of Boston, 29, 49.
Clinton, Sir Henry, to have a detached
command, 64 ; at Long Island, 68.
Clinton, Lord Thomas Pelham, a can-
didate for Parliament, 17.
Coin, scarcity of, 57.
Colonies (American), people of, 28,
44; condition of, in November, 1 7 74,
43> 44-
Cooper, Grey, on the Boston Port Bill,
29 ; note on, 46.
Crops in Massachusetts, 33.
Gushing, Thomas, delegate to Con-
gress, 36.
Cuyler, Major Cornelius, 70.
D
Danvers, soldiers at, 36.
Dartmouth, Lord, sends news of Percy
to his father, 55.
Desertion, decreasing, 36.
Drummond, Lord, on Percy's part
in the retreat from Lexington, 53,
54-
Cambridge, affairs at, in 1774, 41.
Canada, taken by Americans, 62.
Castle William, soldiers at, 36.
Charlestown, 41, 42.
Evelyn, W illiam Glanville, quoted, 34,
62.
Exeter, New Hampshire, 46.
85 ]
INDEX
Fanthrop, William, trial of, 39.
Fifth Regiment of Foot, reaches Bos-
ton, 27 ; trouble in, 39.
Finch, Edward, mentioned, 70.
Fort Hill, Boston, soldiers at, 36.
Fort Washington, 73 ; fall of, 76.
Fort William and Mary, taken, 47.
Francia, Lieutenant, 27.
Gage, General Thomas, Percy's opin-
ion of, 25 ; at Salem, 28 ; has done
his duty, 28 ; his lenity, 37 ; in need
of troops, 42 ; to Lord Dartmouth
on Percy's part in the retreat from
Lexington, 53.
Gair, Doctor, his illness, 60.
Germain, Lord George, his career, 70 ;
receives Percy, 80.
Grant, Brigadier-General James, his
influence over Howe, 65.
H
Haldimand, Sir Frederick, at Boston,
42 ; his career, 62 ; his nephew pro-
moted, 63.
Harvey, General Edward, note on, 47.
Haws, Samuel, quoted, 61.
Head-dress of women, 1776, 66.
Horses, American, 33.
Howe, Sir William, promotes Haldi-
mand's nephew, 63 ; under Grant's
influence, 65 ; and Percy disagree,
79-
Hudson River, strategic value of, 58.
[
Independence, the aim of Congress,
61.
Jones, Colonel, arrives from Quebec,
43-
K
King, Ensign Henry, 27.
Knyphausen, General Baron Wilhelm
von, takes King's Bridge, 75, 76.
Lexington, retreat from, official ac-
count, 49 ; unofficial account, 52.
Long Island, battle of, 67-72.
Lossberg, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm
von, 76.
M
Magistrates, protection of, 36 ; not al-
lowed to act, 38.
Massachusetts, climate, 29 ; the coun-
try, 32 ; crops, 33 ; the Council,
35 ; under the Regulation Acts,
35 ; delegates to Congress, 36 ; in
rebellion, 37, 38 ; raising an army,
41.
Massachusetts, people of. See Colonies,
people of.
Molesworth, Richard, 76.
Monkton,Lieutenant-Colonel Robert,
63-
86 ]
INDEX
Mount Whoredom, a hill in Boston,
59-
Mowatt, Captain Henry, 67.
N
Newcastle, New Hampshire, fort near,
taken, 46.
New England, people of. See Colonies,
people of.
New York, manoeuvres about, 72.
Non-importation talked of, 37.
Northumberland, Elizabeth, Duchess
of, furthers election of her son Earl
Percy, 19; collects views, 28; her
health, 59.
Northumberland, Sir Hugh (Smith-
son) Percy, Duke of, 15, 30; ob-
tains permission for Percy to return
to England, 47.
o
Oxen, American, 33.
P
Paine, Robert Treat, delegate to Con-
gress, 36.
Palmer, Robert, died coming out to
Boston, 27.
Parliamentary election for Westmin-
ster, 16-20.
Percy, Lord Algernon, his marriage,
59-
Percy, Lady Algernon, 59, 60.
Percy family, and the Reveley family,
3°-
Percy, Hugh, Earl, his letters, where
found, 7, 8 ; his ancestry, 15 ; politi-
cal opinions, 16; a candidate for
Parliament, 1 6-20; hisletter quoted,
18 ; later life, marriages, character,
21 ; opinion of Gage, 25 ; reaches
Boston, 26, 27 ; his house, 34 ; en-
tertains, 34 ; attitude toward Ad-
ministration, 34; and the Fanthrop
trial, 39 ; sends for books, 44 ; re-
ported dead, 45 ; declines to return
to England, 47 ; in the retreat from
Lexington, 49-55; writes of Bunker
Hill battle, 56 ; criticises the cam-
paign, 58 ; his second marriage, 60 ;
in Halifax, 66 ; and the battle of
Long Island, 68, 71 ; about New
York, 72 ; before Fort Washington,
73 ; order for money, 76 ; disagree-
ment with Howe, 79 ; arrival in
England, 80 ; remarks on the war,
80.
Percy's Regiment. See Fifth Regiment
of Foot.
Percy, Rev. Thomas, ancestry and ca-
reer, 25.
Pigott, Colonel Robert, 28, 31.
Pitcairn, Major John, killed at Bunker
Hill battle, 57.
Pomeroy, Colonel Seth, 41.
Porter, Rev. Edward Griffin, his visit
to Alnwick, 8 ; death prevented use
of Percy's letters, 9.
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, affairs
at, 46.
Preble, Colonel Jedediah, 41.
[ 87 ]
INDEX
Quebec, attack upon, 66.
R
Rawdon, Lord, 27; at Bunker Hill
battle, 57.
Regulation Ads, 35, 37, 42.
Reveley family, 30.
Reveley, Henry, birth of a daughter, 60.
Revere, Paul, warns Portsmouth, 46,
47-
Revolutionary War, Percy on the, 71.
Roxbury, 41, 42.
Smith, Lieutenant- Colonel Francis,
wounded, 53.
Smithson, Sir Hugh. See Northumber-
land, Duke of.
Solemn League and Covenant, 29.
Sons of Liberty, 45.
T
Trees in Massachusetts, 32.
Tuttle, Charles Wesley, his book re-
ferred to, 64.
Vassall, William, note on, 75.
Salem, soldiers at, 36.
Saxe, Marshal, referred to by Percy,
59-
Seymour, Lady Elizabeth, her mar-
riage, 15, 30. See also Northumber-
land, Duchess of.
Ships, captured, 62, 63.
Shuldham, Admiral Molyneux, his
character, 65.
W
Walpole, Horace, quoted, 19, 49, 80,
81.
Ward, Colonel Artemas, 41.
Warren, Joseph, killed at Bunker Hill
battle, 57.
White Plains, battle at, 72.
Worcester, militia at, in 1774, 37.
[ 88 ]
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American Libraries
TV News
Understanding 9/11